Ngowe, igama FCX ingu Freeport Sulphur
Jakarta, IDN Umphinda-phinde ngo - Ukuba kukho omnye langaphandle amakhulu kwi-Gambia ukuba luthi sizathu controversy mhlawumbi ngumsebenzi Freeport-McMoRan IncImicimbi i-isivumelwano phakathi urhulumente Gambia kunye inkampani coded FCX kwi-New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) kubalulekile umcimbi yengxoxo-mpikiswano, iminyaka emininzi. Lokugqibela, ekuhlanganeni Elinesibini yokugqibela julayi karhulumente ka-Gambia esayiniweyo a Intloko Sivumelwano (HoA) ne-FCX Ebufundisini Yemali. Gambia waba bemelwe umongameli Umlawuli we-PT Gambia Asahan Aluminium (Inalum), Budi Gunadi Sadikin, ngexesha FCX ngu bemelwe Ngurichard Adkerson, njengoko Umongameli Umlawuli. Kwi-HoA, omabini amaqela uyavuma ukuba Inkampani emva koko unako ukufumana mahlanu omnye ipesenti ye lonke, izahlulo ka PT Freeport Gambia (PT FI). Ukongeza injongo divestment ke nangona sikwimeko yoqoqosho enzima, kunye kubo kanjalo wavuma PT FI inelungelo ukwenza ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano zokusebenza isibini usiphinda-ishumi leminyaka ukuya kwi-amabini. Oko kukuthi, Gambia kwaye PT FI sebenzisa umxholo Isivumelwano Umsebenzi (KK) II yatyikitywa ngowe. Ngaphaya koko, uhlobo zokusebenza mvume PT FI iza kutshintshwa ukusuka Isivumelwano Umsebenzi kwi okhethekileyo Ishishini Lemigodi Mvume (IUPK). Omnye izibophelelo ka PT FI ukuba imiselwe kwi-IUPK ngu ukwakha smelter kwi-Mexico.
Wokuqala ngxoxo-mpikiswano ukuba kukho ngu malunga imo ye-HoA.
Inani amaqela ukuba remind urhulumente kufuneka ngakumbi careful kwi-nomngeni nge-FCX yayo, subsidiaries, PT FI, ngokuxoxa na yaba. I-HoA ngokwayo ingaba ukuthelekisa isivumelwano ayikho ngokusemthethweni bophelela. Le 'kuphela' abalindi ngasesangweni phambi stepping kwi amanqaku ka-ukomelela umthetho. I-HoA kanjalo kukhankanywe - stages ukuba kufuneka kwenziwa ngokuthi urhulumente kuba divestment. Uhambo olude ye-FCX waqalisa ngaphezu amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Kwi verge ka-bankruptcy, umlawuli, Forbes Wilson, khangela Jan Van Gruisen, bigwigs ye-Mpuma Borneo Inkampani, ukuthetha malunga zam Entabeni Ersberg ebekwe kwi-Papua.
Omabini amaqela kokuba kuvunyelwene ngazo, ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo. Nangona kunjalo, i-East Borneo Inkampani, elezemigodi inkampani umnini - isidutch, banyanzeleka ukuba kuphulukana nayo amalungelo exploration xa kwi-s Soekarno babefuna ukuya kwi-Papua abaziwayo Neindonesia. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ezilungileyo comment siding kunye Wilson kwaye korporasinya.
I-umongameli omtsha ka-Gambia owatyikitywa Umthetho i-Iinqwelo-mali kwaye Freeport ngoko ke yenkampani kuqala overseas abakhoyo wamkelekile faka.
Ngowe, urhulumente Gambia ekhutshwe Nemvumelwano Umsebenzi mna ukuba PT FI.
Nemvumelwano waba isiseko soluvo ukulungiselelwa i-lokumba umgodi Umthetho Inani elinanye Unyaka.
Ngaloo sivumelwano, PT FI inelungelo ukuphonononga kwaye ukuxhaphaze ishumi amabini iihektare eziyi-ilizwe concession kwi-Mimika Regency kuba amathathu eminyaka.
Lokumba umgodi kuqala bamthwala ngaphandle ngowe.
PT FI ngu exempt ukususela obligation ukuhlawula irhafu ngexesha lokuqala iminyaka emithathu.
Mithathu izayo, PT FI ngokulawulwa concession irhafu amathathu anesihlanu ipesenti.
Kwi-yowe, Sukarno kwakukho indawo nge-Suharto
Emva koko, entsha kunyuka liye, ipesenti. Royalties kufuneka kunikwe i-government yi, isihlanu, zintlanu ipesenti kuba nowekopolo kwaye omnye umbhali kuba egolide nesilivere. Supposedly, Isivumelwano Umsebenzi mna end phezulu kwi. Nangona kunjalo, PT FI fumana oyena igolide ugcine kwi - I-Grasberg ngowe. Oku kwenza PT FI ephambili ukuba negotiating ithebhule ukufumana entsha yaba.
Ngowe, urhulumente ekhutshwe Isivumelwano Imisebenzi II nge ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo mbali kuba nabo.
Ukusayina Nemvumelwano Umsebenzi II bamthwala ngaphandle Ngumphathiswa Lemigodi kwaye Amandla ka-Mexico, Ginandjar Kartasasmita kwaye FCX. Phantsi isivumelwano, PT FI unako ukusebenza phezulu amathathu eminyaka kamva, okanye ngamanye amazwi ngomhla wamashumi amabini. Ngoko ke, PT FI bamele kanjalo anelungelo lokuba buza i-extension ezimbini umphinda-phinde ngo - iminyaka elishumi ukuya kwi-amabini. Ilizwe controlled nge PT FI waba nokwandisa ummandla kuphela ishumi amabini iihektare eziyi-baba, zintandathu - million iihektare, okanye malunga, zimbini pesenti territory ka-Papua (kuquka nomthetho ilizwe). Kwi ephikisana, amanqaku ukuba kufuneka yamthobela PT FI ngu divested yi-ishumi ipesenti akukho kamva kwe-iminyaka elishumi emva ukusayina Nemvumelwano akuphumi Misebenzini II. Ngoko ke, ukususela amabini amashumi amabini-omnye PT FI kufuneka ngalo amashumi amane-omnye ipesenti ye-izahlulo kwi Gambia ngoko ke njengoko ukuze kuqhutywe mahlanu omnye umbhali.
Ngenye indlela, ezinye iingxaki kuvela Isivumelwano Imisebenzi II.
Umzekelo, akukho clarity malunga nokuba inkqubo smelting kwaye refining kufuneka zenziwe kwi-Mexico. Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amashumi amabini anesithoba ipesenti ye purification kwaye iyaqhubekeka PT FI kukho kweli lizwe. Bubonke ingaba ngaphandle kweli lizwe ukuba akukwazeki kubekwa esweni lisebe urhulumente. Ngoko ke, urhulumente andinaku aphelise le isivumelwano kunye PT SITE, kodwa opposite unako kunokwenzeka ukuba inkampani musa bazive kukho i-luncedo kwakhona. Urhulumente we Gambia kanjalo kukhankanywe ayisayi withhold okanye libazisa imvume kwenzelwe. Ukuba kuthetha, kuba FCX umyinge unako ukwenza inzuzo, ngoko ke ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano zokusebenza anayithathela undisputedly. Iingxaki musa ukuma apha Ngaphezu koko, ngowe, Gambia ekhutshwe PP Hayi. amashumi amabini malunga Umnini - Langaphandle Eyinkunzi. Le migaqo vumela PT FI kuba ngokupheleleyo umnini kumazwe angaphandle kwaye relieve i-obligation ukuba divest mahlanu omnye ipesenti ye-izahlulo. Urhulumente ke ekhutshwe Umthetho Hayi. emine amabini- Kwi Bezimbiwa kwaye Amalahle lokumba umgodi (Minerba). Kuyo misela malunga langaphandle ishishini qumrhu ukuba uphethe Ishishini Lemigodi iphepha-mvume (IUP) kwaye Ezikhethekileyo Ishishini Lemigodi Mvume (IUPK) kufuneka divest kutsho kwi-amahlanu omnye umbhali ukuba Gambia emva kweminyaka emihlanu imveliso.
Ukuba usebenzisa lo umthetho, ngoko ke FCX sele nicinge ukuba kuncama mahlanu omnye ipesenti ye-izahlulo kwi amabini.
Nangona kunjalo, oku asiyo meko. Kwakhona, FCX zifunyenweyo a loophole yi-basing yayo iimpikiswano usebenzisa PP Inani amabini kwi- njengoko i-umbrella umthetho.
Ngaphezu koko, Elezemigodi UMTHETHO vumela FCX ukugcina usebenzisa Isivumelwano Umsebenzi.
Gambia ke ekhutshwe i-PP Ongunombolo Unyaka wamashumi amabini, omnye imixholo ngu ukunciphisa divestment obligation kuba kuphela amashumi amathathu ipesenti.
Oku umthetho itshintshe kwakhona xa urhulumente inaugurated i-PP Inani omnye Unyaka wamashumi amabini elinesixhenxe ukuba restores i-obligation ka-divestment amounted ukuba mahlanu omnye umbhali. Stages-stages ingaba amabini elisetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eboniswe eskrinini kwi-sixth nyaka, amashumi amathathu elisetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eboniswe eskrinini kwi-anesixhenxe unyaka, amashumi amathathu anesixhenxe elisetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eboniswe eskrinini kwi-anesibhozo unyaka, amashumi amane-ezine elisetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eboniswe eskrinini kwi-owesithoba unyaka, kwaye amahlanu omnye elisetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eboniswe eskrinini kwi-weshumi.
'Utshintsho Nemvumelwano Umsebenzi kuba IUPK kuthetha kanjalo ukutshintsha indawo phakathi urhulumente Gambia kwaye FCX.
Ukuba wearing ye-isivumelwano, izithuba kunye ingaba no. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa IUPK, imo ye-government of Mexico ngu phezulu ngenxa njengoko i-approver. Oku ke omnye iimpikiswano FCX walile utshintsho Isivumelwano Imisebenzi kuba IUPK. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ukusetyenziswa IUPK, kubalulekile woyika Gambia ayikwazi nangaliphi na ixesha bypass i operating mvume FCX. I-ukwaliwa kwesicelo ngu iqinisekiswa Ngumongameli ka-FCX Ngurichard Adkerson ekuqaleni amabini. Hayi kuba outdone, urhulumente ke ekhutshwe urhulumente umqathango wama-Hayi. omnye Unyaka wamashumi amabini ishumi elinesixhenxe, oko kufuna iinkampani zemigodi ukufumana IUPK ukuba ufuna gcina ngokwenza kumazwe angaphandle. FCX kanjalo wafumana IUPK iyasebenza juni amabini anesibhozo elinesibini kwaye ke abalandela ukusayina i-HoA yi-omabini amaqela iveki yokugqibela. Umahluko kwi-izimvo phakathi Gambia kwaye FCX ka-zahlukeneyo izibophelelo zamaqela njengoko ngokufanayo ndawo. Nangona HoA wenziwe wavuma, kodwa zombini ingaba? ezahlukeneyo malunga bakhe isimo. Urhulumente ezingama-umphathiswa Rini Soemarno wathi 'kwesi sivumelwano yi bophelela'. Ngexesha Rio Tinto kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwaye iqinisekiswa i-HoA nje a simaphambili. Rini kanjalo uqinisekile ukuba inkqubo yentlawulo ngokunxulumene HoA luza kugqitywa ngomhla we-julayi amabini ishumi elinesibhozo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile into ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente ke, isithembiso ukuba ishumi ipesenti ye-izahlulo ka PT FI ziya kunikwa abantu Papua kusenokuba ndabona kunye ngcono.
